20
Self-Powered Devices: A New Paradigm
in Biomedical Engineering
Apurba Das
Department of Physics, D. K. College, Mirza, Assam, India
Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati , Assam, India
Pamu Dobbidi
Department of Physics, D. K. College, Mirza, Assam, India
CONTENTS
20.1 Introduction......................................................................................................................323
20.2 Survey of Power Requirements of Biomedical Devices...........................................324
20.3 Emergent Technologies for Self-Powered Generators ..............................................325
20.3.1 Nanogenerators..................................................................................................325
20.3.1.1 PENG ..................................................................................................325
20.3.1.2 TENG ..................................................................................................327
20.3.1.3 TEG......................................................................................................328
20.3.1.4 PyNG ..................................................................................................328
20.3.2 Photovoltaic Energy Harvesting.....................................................................328
20.4 Self-Powered Devices Based on the New Technologies ..........................................329
20.4.1 Self-Powered Cardiac and Pulse Sensors......................................................329
20.4.2 Self-Powered Breath Sensors...........................................................................331
20.4.3 Implantable Photovoltaic Cells .......................................................................332
20.5 Artificial Sensory Organs and Exquisite Biomedical Devices.................................334
20.5.1 Electronic Skin (e-Skin) ....................................................................................334
20.5.2 Wound Healing .................................................................................................334
20.5.3 Cardiac Pacemakers ..........................................................................................335
20.6 Future Developments and Associated Roadblocks...................................................336
20.7 Conclusions.......................................................................................................................337
References ....................................................................................................................................338
20.1 Introduction
State-of-the-art biomedical systems have enormous potential and have driven the min
iaturization of several wearables and implantable devices [1]. These miniaturized systems
are responsible for the enhanced life span of patients by offering control, diagnostic, and
treatment possibilities. The first applications of these biomedical devices were primarily
DOI: 10.1201/9781003263265-20
323